L Betti, L Lazzarato, G Trebbi, M Brizzi, GL Calzoni, F Borghini and D Nani

Effects of homeopathic arsenic on tobacco plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus.

Homeopathy, 2003, 92 (4), 195-202

cover/cover_Homeopathy.gif

Context: This research aimed at verifying the efficacy of homeopathic treatments by plant-based bioassays, which may be suitable for basic research, because they lack placebo effects and provide large datasets for statistical analyses.Objective: To evaluate the effects of homeopathic treatments of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on tobacco plants subjected to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculation as biotic stress.Design: Blind, randomized experiment using tobacco leaf disks.Materials and methods: Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cultivar Samsun) carrying the TMV resistance gene N. TMV inoculated leaf disks were floated for 3 days in the following:• Distilled water (control)• H2O 5 and 45 decimal and centesimal potencies• As2O3 5 and 45 decimal and centesimal potenciesThe main outcome measures is the number of hypersensitive lesions observed in a leaf disk.Results: Homeopathic treatments of arsenic induce two effects on the plant: (i) increased resistance to TMV; (ii) decrease variability between experiments (system variability).Conclusions: In this experimental model two actions of homeopathic treatment were detected: decrease in system variability and enhancement of the natural tendency of the system towards an ‘equilibrium point’.

https://anzionettuno.cri.it/ https://comitatocotronei.cri.it/ https://vuck.ec/ https://perugia.cri.it/ https://savigliano.cri.it/ https://floridia.cri.it/ https://monopoli.cri.it/ https://creatour.id/ https://grupoesferavet.com/ https://bagnoaripoli.cri.it/ https://kamanta.it/ https://clinicajesusdenazareth.com/ https://junglecitystudios.com/ https://chiaraasoli.it/ https://www.semgiron.org/ https://comitatosassari.cri.it/ https://baccar-group.com/ slot gacor https://innovapyc.com/ https://menaggio.cri.it/ https://crireggiocalabria.cri.it/ https://perfect-logistic.com/ https://pgmi.tarbiyah.iainfmpapua.ac.id/
https://law.dme.ac.in/
https://privet-alice.ru/
https://societyon.tv/
https://www.ptjmi.co.id/wp-includes/toto/
https://www.ptjmi.co.id/wp-content/themes/xia/
https://www.ptjmi.co.id/wp-content/plugins/chin/
https://www.ptjmi.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/
https://www.ptjmi.co.id/wp-includes/css/sv388/
https://pratamaindonesia.co.id/htdocs/sd/
https://www.ptjmi.co.id/wp-includes/reners/
Kudaemas88 Kudaemas88 xlbola cantik555 cantik555 cantik555 slot mahjong cantik555 cantik555 https://societyon.tv/ https://kindpak.com/
slot gacor